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Add link to C3_Blast.qmd
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* $n$: Number of observations
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This procedure gives us a number called a t-value, which is a measure of how many standard deviations the difference between the two means is. We're not going to get into the details here, but a rule of thumb is that if the t-value is greater than 2, then the difference between the two means is significant. If the t-value is less than 2, then the difference is not significant. We're going to calculate the t-value for each pixel in the image to determine whether that pixel has changed significantly following the event in question. You don't need to know the details of the t-test to understand the results (but hopefully you've got an intuition for what it's doing). If you're interested in learning more about statistical tests of this sort, I teach a course on Data Science at the University College London, and have made all of the lectures and courseware open-source. The T-test lecture is here.
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This procedure gives us a number called a t-value, which is a measure of how many standard deviations the difference between the two means is. We're not going to get into the details here, but a rule of thumb is that if the t-value is greater than 2, then the difference between the two means is significant. If the t-value is less than 2, then the difference is not significant. We're going to calculate the t-value for each pixel in the image to determine whether that pixel has changed significantly following the event in question. You don't need to know the details of the t-test to understand the results (but hopefully you've got an intuition for what it's doing). If you're interested in learning more about statistical tests of this sort, I teach a course on Data Science at the University College London, and have made all of the lectures and courseware open-source. [The T-test lecture is here.](https://oballinger.github.io/QM2/notebooks/W07.%20Hypothesis%20Testing.html)
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## Implementing a t-test in Earth Engine
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First, creating a 3D model of the urban area using Blender and Open Street Maps data. Second, conducting a viewshed analysis using lighting objects to gauge levels of unobstructed exposure to the pressure wave. Third, modeling the explosion using geolocated videos of the event and ordnance calculators. For added detail, a dynamic wave analysis can be used to more precisely model how the pressure wave interacts with buildings.
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Once properly modeled, the explosion can be viewed from any angle in the city. The viewshed analysis can be calibrated more finely by ground-truthing various damage levels (e.g. broken windows) at different locations. In the absence of an official address registry in Beirut, OSM is already being used by the Lebanese Red Cross (donate here) to conduct neighborhood surveys assessing blast damage. As such, this type of damage analysis can quickly be integrated into relief efforts, adapted to model disasters in different cities, and can even be used to simulate the destructive potential of hypothetical explosions to promote readiness.
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Once properly modeled, the explosion can be viewed from any angle in the city. The viewshed analysis can be calibrated more finely by ground-truthing various damage levels (e.g. broken windows) at different locations. In the absence of an official address registry in Beirut, OSM is already being used by the Lebanese Red Cross (donate here) to conduct neighborhood surveys assessing blast damage. As such, this type of damage analysis can quickly be integrated into relief efforts, adapted to model disasters in different cities, and can even be used to simulate the destructive potential of hypothetical explosions to promote readiness.
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