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2026-06-11 21:18:37 +03:00 · 2023-03-15 18:41:58 +00:00
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@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes">

 <meta name="author" content="Dr.&nbsp;Ollie Ballinger">
-<meta name="dcterms.date" content="2022-10-06">
+<meta name="dcterms.date" content="2023-03-15">

-<title>Google Earth Engine for OSINT</title>
+<title>Remote Sensing for OSINT</title>
 <style>
 code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
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@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ gtag('config', 'G-RK9ZLZQ6GL', { 'anonymize_ip': true});
  <header id="quarto-header" class="headroom fixed-top">
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    <div class="container-fluid d-flex justify-content-between">
-      <h1 class="quarto-secondary-nav-title">Google Earth Engine for OSINT</h1>
+      <h1 class="quarto-secondary-nav-title">Remote Sensing for OSINT</h1>
      <button type="button" class="quarto-btn-toggle btn" aria-label="Show secondary navigation">
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@@ -100,19 +100,21 @@ gtag('config', 'G-RK9ZLZQ6GL', { 'anonymize_ip': true});
      <img src="./logo_white.png" alt="" class="sidebar-logo py-0 d-lg-inline d-none">
      </a>
    <div class="sidebar-title mb-0 py-0">
-      <a href="./">Google Earth Engine for OSINT</a> 
+      <a href="./">Remote Sensing for OSINT</a> 
        <div class="sidebar-tools-main tools-wide">
    <a href="https://github.com/oballinger/GEE_OSINT/" title="Source Code" class="sidebar-tool px-1"><i class="bi bi-github"></i></a>
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-          <a class="dropdown-item sidebar-tools-main-item" href="./Google-Earth-Engine-for-OSINT.pdf">
+          <a class="dropdown-item sidebar-tools-main-item" href="./Remote-Sensing-
+-for-OSINT.pdf">
            <i class="bi bi-bi-file-pdf pe-1"></i>
          Download PDF
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-          <a class="dropdown-item sidebar-tools-main-item" href="./Google-Earth-Engine-for-OSINT.epub">
+          <a class="dropdown-item sidebar-tools-main-item" href="./Remote-Sensing-
+-for-OSINT.epub">
            <i class="bi bi-bi-journal pe-1"></i>
          Download ePub
          </a>
@@ -144,14 +146,9 @@ gtag('config', 'G-RK9ZLZQ6GL', { 'anonymize_ip': true});
      </div>
    <div class="sidebar-menu-container"> 
    <ul class="list-unstyled mt-1">
-        <li class="sidebar-item">
-  <div class="sidebar-item-container"> 
-  <a href="./index.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link active">Introduction</a>
-  </div>
-</li>
        <li class="sidebar-item sidebar-item-section">
      <div class="sidebar-item-container"> 
-            <a class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link text-start" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#quarto-sidebar-section-1" aria-expanded="true">Learning</a>
+            <a class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link text-start" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#quarto-sidebar-section-1" aria-expanded="true">A. Introduction</a>
          <a class="sidebar-item-toggle text-start" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#quarto-sidebar-section-1" aria-expanded="true">
            <i class="bi bi-chevron-right ms-2"></i>
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@@ -159,49 +156,59 @@ gtag('config', 'G-RK9ZLZQ6GL', { 'anonymize_ip': true});
      <ul id="quarto-sidebar-section-1" class="collapse list-unstyled sidebar-section depth1 show">  
          <li class="sidebar-item">
  <div class="sidebar-item-container"> 
-  <a href="./ch1.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link"><span class="chapter-number">1</span>&nbsp; <span class="chapter-title">Remote Sensing</span></a>
+  <a href="./index.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link active">Overview</a>
  </div>
 </li>
          <li class="sidebar-item">
  <div class="sidebar-item-container"> 
-  <a href="./ch2.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link"><span class="chapter-number">2</span>&nbsp; <span class="chapter-title">Data Acquisition</span></a>
+  <a href="./ch1.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">Remote Sensing</a>
  </div>
 </li>
          <li class="sidebar-item">
  <div class="sidebar-item-container"> 
-  <a href="./F1.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link"><span class="chapter-number">3</span>&nbsp; <span class="chapter-title">Getting Started</span></a>
-  </div>
-</li>
-          <li class="sidebar-item">
-  <div class="sidebar-item-container"> 
-  <a href="./F2.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link"><span class="chapter-number">4</span>&nbsp; <span class="chapter-title">Interpreting Images</span></a>
-  </div>
-</li>
-          <li class="sidebar-item">
-  <div class="sidebar-item-container"> 
-  <a href="./F4.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link"><span class="chapter-number">5</span>&nbsp; <span class="chapter-title">Interpreting Image Series</span></a>
-  </div>
-</li>
-          <li class="sidebar-item">
-  <div class="sidebar-item-container"> 
-  <a href="./F5.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link"><span class="chapter-number">6</span>&nbsp; <span class="chapter-title">Vectors and Tables</span></a>
-  </div>
-</li>
-          <li class="sidebar-item">
-  <div class="sidebar-item-container"> 
-  <a href="./F6.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link"><span class="chapter-number">7</span>&nbsp; <span class="chapter-title">Advanced Topics</span></a>
+  <a href="./ch2.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">Data Acquisition</a>
  </div>
 </li>
      </ul>
  </li>
        <li class="sidebar-item sidebar-item-section">
      <div class="sidebar-item-container"> 
-            <a class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link text-start" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#quarto-sidebar-section-2" aria-expanded="true">Case Studies</a>
-          <a class="sidebar-item-toggle text-start" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#quarto-sidebar-section-2" aria-expanded="true">
+            <a class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link text-start collapsed" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#quarto-sidebar-section-2" aria-expanded="false">B. Google Earth Engine</a>
+          <a class="sidebar-item-toggle text-start collapsed" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#quarto-sidebar-section-2" aria-expanded="false">
            <i class="bi bi-chevron-right ms-2"></i>
          </a> 
      </div>
-      <ul id="quarto-sidebar-section-2" class="collapse list-unstyled sidebar-section depth1 show">  
+      <ul id="quarto-sidebar-section-2" class="collapse list-unstyled sidebar-section depth1 ">  
+          <li class="sidebar-item">
+  <div class="sidebar-item-container"> 
+  <a href="./F1.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link"><span class="chapter-number">1</span>&nbsp; <span class="chapter-title">Getting Started</span></a>
+  </div>
+</li>
+          <li class="sidebar-item">
+  <div class="sidebar-item-container"> 
+  <a href="./F2.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link"><span class="chapter-number">2</span>&nbsp; <span class="chapter-title">Interpreting Images</span></a>
+  </div>
+</li>
+          <li class="sidebar-item">
+  <div class="sidebar-item-container"> 
+  <a href="./F4.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link"><span class="chapter-number">3</span>&nbsp; <span class="chapter-title">Image Series</span></a>
+  </div>
+</li>
+          <li class="sidebar-item">
+  <div class="sidebar-item-container"> 
+  <a href="./F5.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link"><span class="chapter-number">4</span>&nbsp; <span class="chapter-title">Vectors and Tables</span></a>
+  </div>
+</li>
+      </ul>
+  </li>
+        <li class="sidebar-item sidebar-item-section">
+      <div class="sidebar-item-container"> 
+            <a class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link text-start collapsed" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#quarto-sidebar-section-3" aria-expanded="false">C. Case Studies</a>
+          <a class="sidebar-item-toggle text-start collapsed" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#quarto-sidebar-section-3" aria-expanded="false">
+            <i class="bi bi-chevron-right ms-2"></i>
+          </a> 
+      </div>
+      <ul id="quarto-sidebar-section-3" class="collapse list-unstyled sidebar-section depth1 ">  
          <li class="sidebar-item">
  <div class="sidebar-item-container"> 
  <a href="./lights.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">War at Night</a>
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 </li>
          <li class="sidebar-item">
  <div class="sidebar-item-container"> 
-  <a href="./object_detection.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">Deep Learning</a>
+  <a href="./object_detection.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">Object Detection</a>
  </div>
 </li>
      </ul>
@@ -238,10 +245,10 @@ gtag('config', 'G-RK9ZLZQ6GL', { 'anonymize_ip': true});
    <h2 id="toc-title">Table of contents</h2>
   
  <ul>
-  <li><a href="#introduction" id="toc-introduction" class="nav-link active" data-scroll-target="#introduction">Introduction</a>
+  <li><a href="#overview" id="toc-overview" class="nav-link active" data-scroll-target="#overview">Overview</a>
  <ul class="collapse">
-  <li><a href="#table-of-contents" id="toc-table-of-contents" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#table-of-contents">Table of Contents</a></li>
  <li><a href="#what-is-google-earth-engine" id="toc-what-is-google-earth-engine" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#what-is-google-earth-engine">What is Google Earth Engine?</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#table-of-contents" id="toc-table-of-contents" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#table-of-contents">Table of Contents</a></li>
  </ul></li>
  </ul>
 <div class="toc-actions"><div><i class="bi bi-github"></i></div><div class="action-links"><p><a href="https://github.com/oballinger/GEE_OSINT/edit/main/index.qmd" class="toc-action">Edit this page</a></p></div></div></nav>
@@ -251,7 +258,7 @@ gtag('config', 'G-RK9ZLZQ6GL', { 'anonymize_ip': true});

 <header id="title-block-header" class="quarto-title-block default">
 <div class="quarto-title">
-<h1 class="title d-none d-lg-block">Google Earth Engine for OSINT</h1>
+<h1 class="title d-none d-lg-block">Remote Sensing for OSINT</h1>
 </div>


@@ -268,7 +275,7 @@ gtag('config', 'G-RK9ZLZQ6GL', { 'anonymize_ip': true});
    <div>
    <div class="quarto-title-meta-heading">Published</div>
    <div class="quarto-title-meta-contents">
-      <p class="date">October 6, 2022</p>
+      <p class="date">March 15, 2023</p>
    </div>
  </div>
  
@@ -278,35 +285,50 @@ gtag('config', 'G-RK9ZLZQ6GL', { 'anonymize_ip': true});

 </header>

-<section id="introduction" class="level1 unnumbered">
-<h1 class="unnumbered">Introduction</h1>
+<section id="overview" class="level1 unnumbered">
+<h1 class="unnumbered">Overview</h1>
 <p>The analysis of satellite imagery is a foundational element of open source investigations. In the past decade, the quantity, quality, and availability thereof has increased dramatically. Capabilities and insights that were once only available to governments are now accessible to the general public. Satellite imagery is being used to collect evidence of genocide and other war crimes in <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/ukraine-satellites-war-crimes-rcna26291">Ukraine</a>, <a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/04/nigeria-military-cover-up-of-mass-slaughter-at-zaria-exposed/">Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/01/burundi-satellite-evidence-supports-witness-accounts-of-mass-graves/">Burundi</a>, <a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/07/cameroon-satellite-images-reveal-devastation-in-anglophone-regions-2/">Cameroon</a>, <a href="https://www.aaas.org/resources/satellite-imagery-assessment-forced-relocations-near-luiswishi-mine">the DRC</a>, <a href="https://gsp.yale.edu/case-studies/sudan/maps-satellite-images/other-darfur-satellite-imagery">South Sudan</a>, <a href="https://gsp.yale.edu/resources/maps-satellite-images/papua">Papua</a>, and <a href="https://www.hrw.org/report/2016/04/04/unchecked-power/police-and-military-raids-low-income-and-immigrant-communities">Venezuela</a>. It has been used to <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/mar/02/new-satellite-mapping-a-game-changer-against-illegal-logging">monitor environmental degradation</a> and hold extractive industries to account from <a href="https://www.bellingcat.com/resources/2021/04/15/what-oil-satellite-technology-and-iraq-can-tell-us-about-pollution/">Iraq</a> to <a href="https://www.planet.com/pulse/the-observatory-of-extractive-industries-oie-shines-a-light-on-the-mining-industry-using-planets-satellite-data/">Guatemala</a>. The ability to analyze satellite imagery is a critical skill for anyone interested in open source investigations.</p>
 <p>Though no-code platforms such as Sentinelhub have been invaluable in allowing the OSINT community to access and process satellite imagery, the analytical capabilities of these platforms are limited. <a href="https://earthengine.google.com/#intro">Google Earth Engine (GEE)</a> is a cloud-based platform that stores petabytes of satellite imagery from a variety of sources and allows users to perform advanced analyses on Google servers for free using a browser-based interface. This textbook is designed for investigators who want to perform more sophisticated analysis using geospatial data, and assumes no prior knowledge of coding or remote sensing (satellite imagery analysis). It is organized into two parts: an introduction to remote sensing and GEE, and a series of case studies that demonstrate how to use GEE for open source investigations.</p>
-<section id="table-of-contents" class="level2">
-<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="table-of-contents">Table of Contents</h2>
-<ul>
-<li>Learning
-<ol type="1">
-<li><a href="./ch1.html">Remote Sensing</a></li>
-<li><a href="./ch2.html">Data Acquisition</a></li>
-<li><a href="ch4.qmd">Application Development</a></li>
-</ol></li>
-<li>Case Studies
-<ol type="1">
-<li><a href="./lights.html">War at Night</a></li>
-<li><a href="./refineries.html">Refinery Detection</a></li>
-<li><a href="trees.qmd">Deforestation</a></li>
-<li><a href="./ships.html">Ship Detection</a></li>
-<li><a href="./object_detection.html">Object Detection</a> Recently, a team of over 100 scientists came together to write a book called <a href="https://www.eefabook.org/">“Cloud-Based Remote Sensing with Google Earth Engine: Fundamentals and Applications”</a>. It’s a great resource for learning about remote sensing and Earth Engine. The material in this chapter is a subset of the book, edited to fit the scope of this guide. If you’re interested in learning more, check out the full book.</li>
-</ol></li>
-</ul>
-</section>
 <section id="what-is-google-earth-engine" class="level2">
 <h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="what-is-google-earth-engine">What is Google Earth Engine?</h2>
 <p>As geospatial datasets—particularly satellite imagery collections—increase in size, researchers are increasingly relying on cloud computing platforms such as Google Earth Engine (GEE) to analyze vast quantities of data.</p>
 <p>GEE is free and allows users to write open-source code that can be run by others in one click, thereby yielding fully reproducible results. These features have put GEE on the cutting edge of scientific research. The following plot visualizes the number of journal articles conducted using different geospatial analysis software platforms:</p>
 <p><img src="./images/WoS Articles.png" class="img-fluid"></p>
 <p>Despite only being released in 2015, the number of geospatial journal articles using Google Earth Engine (shown in red above) has outpaced every other major geospatial analysis software, including ArcGIS, Python, and R in just five years. GEE applications have been developed and used to present interactive geospatial data visualizations by NGOs, Universities, the United Nations, and the European Commission. By storing and running computations on google servers, GEE is far more accessible to those who don’t have significant local computational resources; all you need is an internet connection.</p>
+</section>
+<section id="table-of-contents" class="level2">
+<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="table-of-contents">Table of Contents</h2>
+<ol type="A">
+<li><strong>Introduction</strong>
+<ul>
+<li>Two introductory chapters that provide an overview of remote sensing the different types of satellite imagery available on Google Earth Engine.
+<ul>
+<li><a href="./ch1.html">Remote Sensing</a></li>
+<li><a href="./ch2.html">Data Acquisition</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><strong>Google Earth Engine</strong>
+<ul>
+<li>Recently, a team of over 100 scientists came together to write a book called <a href="https://www.eefabook.org/">“Cloud-Based Remote Sensing with Google Earth Engine: Fundamentals and Applications”</a>. It’s a great resource for learning about remote sensing and Earth Engine. The material in this section is a subset of the book, edited to fit the scope of this guide. If you’re interested in learning more, check out the full book.
+<ul>
+<li><a href="./F1.html">Getting Started</a></li>
+<li><a href="./F2.html">Interpreting Images</a></li>
+<li><a href="./F4.html">Image Series</a></li>
+<li><a href="./F5.html">Vectors and Tables</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><strong>Case Studies</strong>
+<ul>
+<li>A series of case studies that demonstrate how to use Google Earth Engine for open source investigations. Each case study includes a brief introduction to the topic, a step-by-step guide to using Google Earth Engine to analyze satellite imagery, and a discussion of the results.
+<ul>
+<li><a href="./lights.html">War at Night</a></li>
+<li><a href="./refineries.html">Refinery Identification</a></li>
+<li><a href="./ships.html">Ship Detection</a></li>
+<li><a href="./blast.html">Blast Damage Assessment</a></li>
+<li><a href="./object_detection.html">Object Detection</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ol>


 </section>
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-        <span class="nav-page-text"><span class="chapter-number">1</span>&nbsp; <span class="chapter-title">Remote Sensing</span></span> <i class="bi bi-arrow-right-short"></i>
+        <span class="nav-page-text">Remote Sensing</span> <i class="bi bi-arrow-right-short"></i>
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